Thinkers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) have argued that language originated from emotions, while others like Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) have argued that languages originated from rational and logical thought. Critical examinations of languages, such as philosophy of language, the relationships between language and thought, how words represent experience, etc., have been debated at least since Gorgias and Plato in ancient Greek civilization. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Oral, manual and tactile languages contain a phonological system that governs how symbols are used to form sequences known as words or morphemes, and a syntactic system that governs how words and morphemes are combined to form phrases and utterances. All languages rely on the process of semiosis to relate signs to particular meanings. In other words, human language is modality-independent, but written or signed language is the way to inscribe or encode the natural human speech or gestures.ĭepending on philosophical perspectives regarding the definition of language and meaning, when used as a general concept, "language" may refer to the cognitive ability to learn and use systems of complex communication, or to describe the set of rules that makes up these systems, or the set of utterances that can be produced from those rules. Natural languages are spoken, signed, or both however, any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory, visual, or tactile stimuli – for example, writing, whistling, signing, or braille. Precise estimates depend on an arbitrary distinction (dichotomy) established between languages and dialects. The use of human language relies on social convention and is acquired through learning.Įstimates of the number of human languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000. Human languages possess the properties of productivity and displacement, which enable the creation of an infinite number of sentences, and the ability to refer to objects, events, and ideas that are not immediately present in the discourse. Human language is characterized by its cultural and historical diversity, with significant variations observed between cultures and across time. The vast majority of human languages have developed writing systems that allow for the recording and preservation of the sounds or signs of language. It is the primary means by which humans convey meaning, both in spoken and written forms, and may also be conveyed through sign languages. Send us feedback about these examples.Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'expound.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. 2023 After the 2020 election, Jordan repeatedly expounded Trump’s baseless charges that the election had been stolen. 2023 The words rush out, not in sentences, or even paragraphs, but as scrolling pages of oration, in which Scorsese expounds on history - cinematic, American, his own - with passion, professorial depth and a tempo set at Tommy gun. 2023 Meanwhile, Joseph Lofthouse-a Mormon who took a vow of poverty to become a farmer- expounded on the benefits of landrace gardening, a form of plant breeding and cross-pollinating that any amateur gardener can try their hand at. 2023 The poor guy can’t give an interview without the reporter asking him to once again expound on his distaste for the Marvel franchise, since that will provoke a massive fandom into attacking him, which in turn leads to Criterion collectors denouncing the current blockbuster monoculture. Reed Johnson, Los Angeles Times, 28 Sep. 2023 The playwright’s son, Kinan Valdez, portrays one of the monks, who in a remarkable monologue about being birthed in the orchards expounds poetically on Highway 99‘s Mesoamerican hermaneutics. 2023 There was no singular silhouette that dominated fall/winter 2023’s handbag trends in fact, designers expounded on every single design element imaginable. 2023 Kelly released a director's cut in 2004 that expounded (poorly) on the philosophical and scientific underpinnings of his fictional world in greater detail, involving the spontaneous creation of an unstable Tangent Universe in which the film's events play out. Recent Examples on the Web In Berkshire Hathaway’s 2015 shareholder letter, Buffett expounded on Munger’s influence.
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